Lucozade:

Firstly, what we notice is that the background is blue and the font is backed with yellow. These two colours are used always by the brand, and so it makes it easier for it to be distinguished as a lucozade image. Another point is that yellow has the connotations of the colour of the drink and is quite a vibrant powerful colour - much like how the drink should do to you. With blue, this has connotations of the ocean and water, which is almost trying to entice people to buy the drink and make them think about drinking. The font we also see is very harsh as it is in all capitals and rather big, this refers it almost to sport as being very powerful - not just a mellow smooth font. Next, what we also see is the photograph of Gareth Bale, who is portrayed as looking aggressive though also determined. By having him displayed with this expression it once again implies that by drinking lucozade you will be very determined and ready for sport. Also, we see the lighting of the photo and the positioning emphasises his cheekbones and very slim face, so could be showing how he is in good physical shape, due to drinking Lucozade before he plays. Something else to notice about the lighting is the way he appears to have sweat on his face, showing how active he is which once again could have been done to entice people to buy the drink before working out or doing sports. We can see that the photographer would have directed Gareth to give this aggressive look towards the camera in order to make it seem as if he is looking directly towards the reader, and the photographer would be doing this all to create a harsh look.

The caption "In a different league" instantly connects to Gareth due to football leagues. Once looking further into it though, suggesting you are in a different league could refer to the effects of drinking Lucozade, as it makes you better than everyone else athletically, so you are in your own league of talent. The way so little words are used and it is just as statement also acts as showing the confidence in the brand knowing what the drink will do, and they just state you will be in a different league. Moreover, the statement could be referring to the drink itself, and so advertising it as being in a different league to competitor drinks.

Overall, all the above factors have worked to create this certain image of the lucozade brand, and the benefits it has given. To people seeing the advert it heightens the impression that Lucozade is a drink focused on sport, and that by drinking it you will perform to the best ability.




Firstly, upon looking at the shelter images we see three actors who all portray very expressionless faces. By doing this it helps the audience see this as being the face of homeless people, and so this makes the reader feel sympathetic and thus connect to the advert even more. The facial expressions of the actors is directed straight into the camera lense and so staring directly at those viewing it, which once again helps the person looking to build a connection and feel as if they are staring into the eyes of someone homeless. The lighting of the actors is important also, as with this it is almost as if they are emerging from darkness, because what surrounds their face is dark, and so this may be implying that shelter brought them out of a dark place. On the other hand, by having them be shown with such bright faces it makes them look pale, and so heightens the look of them being ill and once again allows the viewer to feel sorry for them. Another point we see, is that the people in the images are not deemed as homeless at first sight because they are in a natural environment, meaning firstly anyone can be affected by homelessness, but also it is really humanising these people, and taking away the stereotype of them being so dirty and wrapped in blankets, which i believe connects more strongly to the person reading. It is clear that the facial expressions conveyed are done to show the sadness in the faces by making it seem so expressionless. Also, despite looking ill, all the actors seem very clean and unlike the stereotype, which is showing how homelessness can effect anyone and so helps connect to the person viewing it, like it can be anyone around them. The way the font and text connects with the images themselves, works to build a new idea of how they look. The red colour and font seeping back into the image, coupled with what is written themselves creates the idea of desperation in the people.

The way in which three seperate images are used together to create one, is interesting as it is in a way singling out the person viewing it. By having three images of the homeless it in a way makes the person looking feel guilty as the eyes are on them, and as if they should help out. Also though, as there is three it is more impactful than just one as it shows how it is lots of people that are effected but also that shelter has helped more than just one person.

Analysing the font, we see firstly it is put in blood red and instead of sitting right on top of the picture, it partially blends in with it. The blood red has clear connotations of death and so suggests the truth about the homeless, though the way it blends in to the face is done so the person viewing can see the eyes of the people, and the sadness in those eyes. Looking at the font aswell, we see that it is very large and in bold to emphasise the life of the homeless, though also to portray that it is an important thing. What actually captions the images though, is important as it is as if they person looking at the advert is being individually spoken to - making it seem as if they themselves need to help. The captions of "but where will we live" are almost referencing the thoughts of people as they realise they are made homeless, and is different to what we usually see on the homeless like them begging for food, it once again humanises the people and makes the people reading see the desperation.



Now we look at the Amnesty international poster which is clearly done to imply some form of message. Firstly, we see that much like in the shelter poster the colour of blood red is used to to emphasise how the poster is about something powerful, and even suggesting connotations of death. Another point about this is how we see this hand which is obviously the centre piece of the poster, which is firstly displaying a peace sign, when doing a task of cutting wire which is rather dangerous. By having this it is suggesting how they will fight for human rights, though in a peaceful way. Futhermore the fact that they are cutting barbed wire is referencing to the strength of this community, which is because they can cut a barbed wire so easily with their own hands. Something else which should be focused on much like the shelter one, is the font. The font is similar to a WW2 font, and at the time WW2 propaganda posters would be much like this, showing the strength of the British and how they unite to win. Due to this then, by having similar fonts it shows people viewing how Amnesty international feel they are as strong and determined as the British army in war time. Also, once looking at the barb wire means is very important, because barbed wire is usually to restrict people and stop freedom. Therefore, this correlates as it shows how amnesty international is fighting for peoples freedoms, and the blood red on the hand suggests they will fight through pain to achieve this.

Case Studies

Firstly, we see that the two have very different language used for the headline. With the Guardian we see that the queen is being seen as the worse person, and that the poor are victims to it. This is due to the fact that the Guardian are a socialist newspaper, so believe very wealthy people should help the poor - especially in terms of tax. The opposite of this, is the Mail which is a capitalist newspaper and so sees the queen as the victim. She is said to be "dragged" into it which shows how she is reluctant and that people are making her do something against her will. The word dragged is also rather colloquial and so references to how Mail readers are slightly less educated.  On the guardian we see a clear theme of yellow throughout which attracts the readers greatly because of it being so bold and powerful, though the yellow in it also acts as referring to the sun and word "paradise". 

The Guardian are usually very economics based so for them this would be a very hot topic, hence why they have made such long succession of stories on it. Also, tax is always going up so once this has been found out about it makes sense for a socialist newspaper to jump onto something bad about the wealthy. 

We see a "school girl worth £5million"which is a typical Daily mail anchorage because the interest is on the worth of her and not her talent. It also has "girl" included in it which is again something the daily mail would incorporate, maybe emphasising how a girl is worth that such. The way that the girl is used backs up the theory of the male gaze in media aswell as the woman unzipping her dress. Another theory could be the media effect theory in the mail, which is because of how their capitalist views are mainstreamed and so fed into the readers as what is right. 

The plug is large and about "the ultimate party dress" which is something much unlike the Guardian which wouldn't feature a plug like that on the cover. This shows how the people who read it probably care greatly about image and how they look, so party dress diet would appeal to women. 

The splash on the page, is focused on tax which is a hot topic among the wealthy - like many daily mail readers. Another point we see, is that it is clearly biased towards capitalistic views, hence why the queen is seen as the victim. Words like 'controversial' and 'exploiting' are used as negative towards the queen because they obviously see her as being wrong. 

Looking at the guardian, the Uses and Gratifications theory confirms identity via personal belief, educates the reader about the economic story so making the reader feel informed, belief in the accountability being fair for a younger working age reader who pays tax according to the rules. 

Also in the Guardian it incorporates a Berliner effect. The story is presented in sections using boxes but still quality broadsheet context. On the Guardian front page, covering the first release of the story on the Paradise Papers, there is a clear colour theme. The use of a bright and bold colour like yellow makes the story stand out compared to the usual monochrome front cover page; this use of yellow could represent the gold colour of money or the sun in 'paradise'. The colour is repeated throughout the articles within the front page, helping to highlight the main elements and images.

Analysing the language in the Guardian we see the ideology is reflected via the language used. Negative things like "Controversial" and "exploiting" implies moralistic judgment which is much like socialism. 

Looking at the Guardians online we see that what it provides is much mire advanced and in depth than what was shown in the newspapers. We clearly see that the yellow theme is still prominent, but what the Guardian has done is make it into a big case and in a sense exaggerate what it really is about. It states how 'leak reveals secrets of world elite's hidden wealth' which by calling them world elites is making them seem secretive, and stating that their wealth is hidden intrigues people to find out how much is hidden and why. Another difference is that we see the story splits off into many different sectors of it through links. You see there is one from the isle of man and another on tax havens, though it all link back to the wealthy dodging tax and such. We also see how it states this paradise papers investigation is a big job to leaking these tax files with 95 media partners. 

Now, upon looking at the Mail we see a considerable difference from what is on the Guardian. The Mail focuses simply on the main story which is of the queen and how she is a part of this, though with the Guardian they make it into a much larger series of investigations into this 'scandal'. The first line on this states how 'the queen's done nothing wrong' which is obviously what the Mail wants to portray due to the capitalist beliefs, though i believe by not making such a big deal on the whole situation it is in a way the Mail knowing they are in the wrong and so are not trying to make a large case out of it. This is clearly different to the Guardian who know they have a lead on this and so taking advantage of it to ensure they can make it as big of a scandal as possible, to draw more readership. 

Firstly, upon analysing the mirror we see that they also make a rather big story out of the paradise papers - using 4 separate stories to support it. Due to this then, west that they Mirror is really making paradise papers into a topic much like the guardian does, whereas the mail is not intent on making a big deal out of this. Here we see that the mirror is a socialist publication stating that many of the wealthy are 'tax dodge parasites' which is a very harsh description towards these people. Once again aswell, we see that the queen is seen as being in the wrong due to stating it is a 'scandal' what she is doing. 

Looking at the social media aspect of the paradise papers story we see that it seems to be directed into attracting younger people into clicking the story - that is 

Old spice - Volcano head & old poster

Adverts:
To begin with, the first thing we notice is that the male in the photograph is clearly in very good shape, and that seems to be the main focal point of the advert - meaning therefore it was used to appeal to women. We also see that he is riding on a horse and is on an idilic beach which all would appeal greatly to women; almost suggesting that if you buy "your man" this aftershave it will allow them to seem like they are in this perfect place. All these little parts of the image like the man and horse which are seemingly irrelevant to what is advertised, are all done to once again appeal to women which is different from many other aftershave commercials.

Another point, is how the product is actually placed in the advert. Here we see it is in a vibrant red that stands out and has diamonds falling from it (once again appealing to women) so this heightens the idea of it being a luxury product. Also if it held by the man very delicately so this adds to making the product seem special an really pushes it forward to the front of the image. Analysing the font of it, we have a very harsh font stating "smell like a man, man" which is all capitals and has almost a comedic effect due to the repetition of man, suggesting if you don't wear this you are not a true man and so this could appeal to females buying for boyfriends as a joke. We then see the traditional classy old spice font below which goes back to the classy look again.

Overall, we see that the advert is almost meant to be so luxurious that it becomes comedic, though this adds to the selling point of the product. The aftershave is seen as showering diamonds and if a womans "man" uses it her life will be transformed into this perfect one. Another point, is that because the advert is so different from other aftershave brands - which would usually just have dark images of well dressed people that are rather bland - this stands out and because of the topless man it draws peoples attention to it which then sells products.

Now, upon contrasting these two posters which are both advertising the same brand, we see this new one has a different message being portrayed to possibly a different target audience. With this we see that there is a lot going on in the poster and it is really a whole array of bright colours and images that will certainly stand out against other adverts. It is clear that this has a very summer orientated theme to it with the backdrop being a summers day with a blue sky, and then the fact that he is covered in all of the things you would find on a beach. For some, this may be off putting as it loses its 'classy' yet slightly out there repertoire that it carried before for older men, though now we see they are trying to draw in a younger audience. Due to the fact it is so unrealistic in almost a comically bad way, it will attract younger people who will find it funny. The volcano on his head is a good example of this because it looks almost badly photoshopped on, though is is referring to the product itself stating that it will make you 'hot' by wearing it. By using the beach swell, it is saying a lot about the product and its smell and how you can almost be put to the Bahamas by wearing this product. Looking more at the product itself, and the strap line they now hold, it is clear again how they are moving away from there old products and into this new market. Before we had this theme of a musty scent for a man that was meant to highlight this manly persona, they now have ditched that and are acquiring a much more feminine scent of the Bahamas. Coupled with this, in their quote on the advert it does not mention being a man or anything along those lines, though it still has a joke within it meaning they have not changed themselves too much. Overall, this new old spice advert adopts a very different format to the previous ones in order to appeal to the younger audience. They have moved very much away from the classy upmarket feel that was previously shown, because compared to many other aftershaves and shower brands on the market, the price of old spice does not fall into the luxury market. Due to this then, they are trying to appeal to those who will be buying this item in this market who tends to be younger people. They have lost the classic typography and have gone for something more plain and easy to read, whilst adding more humour into the writing itself. Before, their humour tended to be in the video adverts which was what gained its popularity, though as they are not seen as much as still adverts, this humour is transferred to there hence the random and in your face pictures like the volcano and such on the man. 

Broadsheet newspaper:

Media regulation is the control or guidance of mass media by governments and other bodies. This regulation, via law, rules or procedures, can have various goals, for example intervention to protect a stated "public interest", or even encouraging competition and an effective media market, aswell as establishing common technical standards.

The principal targets of media regulation are the press, radio and television, but may also include film, recorded music, cable, satellite, storage and distribution technology (discs, tapes etc.), the internet, mobile phones etc.

• Balance between positive and negative defined liberties.

The negative defined liberties, legislating the role of media institutions in society and securing their freedom of expression, publication, private ownership, commerce, and enterprise, must be balanced by legislation ensuring the positive freedom of citizens of their access to information.

• Balance between state and market.

Media is at a position between the commerce and democracy.

 To maintain the contractual balance, society expects the media to take their privilege responsibly. Besides, market forces failed to guarantee the wide range of public opinions and free expression. Intend to the expectation and ensurance, regulation over the media formalized.

The European Union regulation

In most EU member states, they have removed media ownership regulations and replaced them with competition laws. Competition laws are laws created by a governing body that protect consumers from predatory business practices by ensuring that fair competition exists in an open-market economy. However, these competition laws cannot escape the problem of convergence and concentration of media

Intertextuality in Big Issue cover

Firstly, upon looking at the big issue cover we can instantly see that it is clearly mocking the EU referendum, which at the time of being published was an incredibly hot topic. In the 1970s, Abba was a very popular pop group, and we see in this cover that several explicit references towards the group are incorporated into it - ranging from song lyrics used to fit the referendum, aswell as it being on a disco set and having the heads of the politicians being on bodies of Abba members. Instantly, we can see that this cover is incredibly vibrant and the reference is obvious, which works very well in attracting people who would see it on the street to buy it. I believe, that this would in fact attract people off the street, as once seeing this it would be a refreshing change from the usual headlines featuring an referendum topic that are usually so serious, therefore a more light hearted approach could favour to many. 

Once we analyse the lyrics coming out of speech bubbles, we see that they are actually very witty and clever. Starting with Nicola Sturgeon she states 'Breaking up is never easy i know' which seems to be referencing to how she wants Scotland to be independent, and that in the EU she believes Scotland should have a separate vote to leave the EU. Due to what she says then it is like her saying to people how it won't be easy to leave, but then is her trying to persuade people to. Next we have David Cameron singing "knowing me and knowing EU" And the word 'you' at the end being swapped for a  similar sounding 'EU'. Upon looking at this, we see it is reference to another Abba song and is showing how he wants to stay in the EU. The following person, is London mayor Borris Johnson quoting "this time we're through'' which could be stating how finally we are leaving and it's as if he
is saying it to the EU. Finally you see Nigel Farage saying "Take a chan- chance" which is him stating how we should take a chance and leave the EU. All of this is a clever play on Abba song lyrics and song titles, which works well to portray the feelings of these politicians.  In a way, by having the politicians in these outlandish 70s outfits it takes the look of them being smart and professional away, and instead makes them look silly; therefore in a way the big issue is mocking these politicians. Also, in traditional media publications these people would be seen as only being smart so this is something different which could appeal to readers.

If we look at the visuals of this cover we see it is all very vibrant, with a gold disco floor and a sparkling background. We also see a contrasting black and red headline stating 'Decision time - the winner take it all' which is a simple and obvious title - again referencing an Abba song title - so would do well at attracting readers. Furthermore, another point is they have added a ballot box in the corner just to ensure it is obvious what the focus is on. We see that the figures in the photo have not been perfectly photoshopped on as well, due to the heads being out of proportion from the bodies, which i believe was done intentionally to add to the comedic effect of it and just direct the eye of the reader or buyer to how it is politicians heads on abba members. 

Firstly, with the Guardian we are either met straight away with a pop up leading you to this page asking for donations, or there is a separate option to click on this page. Here we see you can make a simple £5 a month donation, or a more expensive £11.99 a month subscription for a premium digital experience of the Guardian. We then also see an option for the print subscription, but this seems not as important as the other two online
points.

Now, once looking at the mail it seems like a different story. Aside from the huge advert lining the background, you are not met with an intruding pop up to donate, and at initial viewing it doesn't seem like there is an option to donate. Due to this, it could show how comfortable the mail is financially in terms of its online site that they don't require money.




In terms of social interaction, all online versions of publications incorporate these tactics greatly. After every article you are able to share it onto several platforms or send it, as they companies know that social media is the future and that the best way to get their stories and websites known is by having people put it on social media. Littered over the page as soon as you click on it are large prompts asking you to like/follow them on several different social media platforms. Another point, is that after articles their is a comments section meaning people can voice their opinions and let in be seen to others interested in that article. Once looking at the share option again, you see that on articles you can see the exact number of shares it has which may again cause people to do it themselves.